PRESENT SIMPLE  (JEDNODUCHÝ PRÍTOMNÝ ČAS)

I speak English.                                      She speaks English.

I don’t speak English.                            She doesn’t speak English.

Do you speak English?                          Does she speak English?

Yes, I do.   No, I don’t.                          Yes, she does.   No, she doesn’t.

-          regularly (pravidelne)

-          usually (zvyčajne)

-          always (vždy)

-          every day, year, month (každý deň, rok, mesiac)

-          often (často)

-          sometimes (niekedy)

-          normally (normálne)

-          všeobecne platné pravidlá, skutočnosti: Cows eat grass.

 

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PRIEBEHOVÝ PRÍTOMNÝ ČAS)

He is reading a book.                  They are listening to the radio.

He isn’t reading a book.             They aren’t listening to the radio.

Is he reading a book?                 Are they listening to the radio?

Yes, he is.    No, he isn’t.            Yes, they are.       No, they aren’t.

-          now (teraz)

-          at the moment ( v tomto momente)

-          today (dnes)

-          in this picture, photo (na tomto obrázku, fotke)

-          future arrangements (plány do blízkej budúcnosti): I’m flying to New York tomorrow.

 

FUTURE – WILL

I will open the window

I won’t open the window.

Will you open the window?

Yes, I will.     No, I won’t.

-          decisions (rozhodnutia v momente prehovoru): I’ll open the tin.

-          offers (ponuky): I’ll take the dog for a walk.

-          suggestions (návrhy): I’ll wash up.

 

FUTURE – GOING TO

She is going to play the piano tomorrow.            We are going to have a party.

She isn’t going to play the piano tomorrow.        We aren’t going to have a party.

Is she going to play the piano tomorrow?          Are we going to have a party?

Yes, she is.        No, she isn’t.                              Yes, we are.  No, we aren’t.

-          future plans (plány do budúcnosti)

 

FUTURE CONTINUOUS (BUDÚCI PRIEBEHOVÝ ČAS)

I will be  flying to New York tomorrow at 6 p.m.

I won’t be flying to New York tomorrow at 6 p.m.

Will you be flying to New York tomorrow at 6 p.m.?

Yes, I will.       No, I won’t.

- v určitý čas v budúcnosti sa bude odohrávať nejaká aktivita

 

 

PAST SIMPLE (JEDNODUCHÝ MINULÝ ČAS)

She was at home.                                      They were at the ZOO.                                I bought a new car.

She wasn’t at home.                                  They weren’t at the ZOO.                           I didn’t buy a new car.

Was she at home?                                     Were they at the ZOO?                              Did you buy a new car?

Yes, she was.   No, she wasn’t.                 Yes, they were.     No, they weren’t.           Yes, I did.   No, I didn’t.

-          minulý dej, ktorý je  už ukončený

 

PAST CONTINUOUS (MINULÝ PRIEBEHOVÝ ČAS)

I was watching TV last night.                        They were playing volleyball yesterday.

I wasn’t watching TV last night.                   They weren’t playing volleyball yesterday.

Was I watching TV last night?                      Were they playing volleyball yesterday?

Yes, I was.  No, I wasn’t.                              Yes, they were.     No, they weren’t.

-          ak sa niečo odohrávalo určitú dobu v minulosti, ale už je to ukončené

-          ak bol niekto uprostred deja v istom okamihu v minulosti: I was shopping at 4 o’clock yesterday.

! Často sa používajú spolu, ak deje prebiehajú súčasne!

While I was crossing the street, I saw an accident.

 

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ( JEDNODUCHÝ PREDPRÍTOMNÝ ČAS)

I have read that book.                              He has broken the window.

I haven’t read that book.                         He hasn’t broken the window.

Have you read that book?                       Has he broken the window?

Yes, I have.  No, I haven’t.                      Yes, he has.   No, he hasn’t.

-          ak sa dej odohral v minulosti, ale má následky aj do súčasnosti, príp. ešte stále trvá

-          presný čas nie je dôležitý: I have been to Prague. I have heard this story before.

-          ever, never: I have never been to Egypt.             Have you ever seen an elephant?

-          for, since: He has been a teacher for 5 years.     I haven’t driven a bike since I was a child.

 

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PRIEBEHOVÝ PREDPRÍTOMNÝ ČAS)

I have been shopping.                              She has been digging.

I haven’t been shopping.                         She hasn’t been digging.

Have you been shopping?                       Has she been digging?

Yes, I have.   No, I haven’t.                     Yes, she has.    No, she hasn’t.

-          aktivita, ktorá sa diala v minulosti určitú dobu a ešte stále pokračuje: It has been raining for days.

-          aktivita, ktorá sa diala v minulosti určitú dobu a má určitý dôsledok na prítomnosť: I’m tired because I have been running.

 

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (JEDNODUCHÝ PREDMINULÝ ČAS)

She had arrived before 10 o’clock.

She hadn’t arrived before 10 o’clock.

Had she  arrived before 10 o’clock?

Yes, she had.   No, she hadn’t.

-          akcia, ktorá sa stala pred inou akciou v minulosti: When I came home, he had already cooked a meal.

 

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PRIEBEHOVÝ PREDMINULÝ ČAS)

I had been cutting wood all morning.

I hadn’t been cutting wood all morning.

Had I been cutting wood all morning?

Yes, I had.   No, I hadn’t.

 

FUTURE PERFECT

We will have finished before you return.

We won’t have finished before you return.

Will we have finished before you return?

Yes, we will.     No, we won’t.

-          akcia, ktorá sa skončí pred určitým časom v budúcnosti (before, by): I will have finished by September.

 

THE PASSIVE (PASÍVUM)

-          agent je neznámy: My car was stolen.

-          agent nie je dôležitý:  Houses are built very quickly.

-          agent je známy: He is arrested.

Present

English is spoken all over the world.

Coffee is grown in Brazil.

Future

He will be understood.

Past

My hand was broken.

America was discovered by Columbus.

Present perfect

We  have been robbed.

Diet Coke has been made since 1982.

 

CONDICIONAL (PODMIEŇOVACÍ SPÔSOB)

1.        kondicionál: If I work harder, I will pass my exam.

2.        kondicionál: If I worked harder, I would pass my exam

3.        kondicionál: If I had worked harder, I would have passsed my exam.

                           If I had been working harder, I would have passed my exam.